Torrubiella luteorostrata Zimm., Zentralbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Zweite Abt. 7: 872 (1901)

Anamorph state: Paecilomyces cinnamomeus (Petch) Samson & W. Gams

Specimens were found on the underside of mostly dicotyledonous leaves of forest plants. Hosts are whitefly nymphs (Aleyrodidae). The fungus produces dark red or mustard-yellow stromata on the insect ca. 1-3 mm in diam. Perithecia developing either on the stroma or on the edges of the stroma, elongated flask-shaped to conical, bottom dark red to reddish-brown turning yellowish at the tip with ostioles hyaline or whitish, up to 1.2 mm long. Asci cylindrical, 450-600 x 4 µm, ascospores filiform 440-460 x 1 µm, whole. In culture the colonies on PDA are moderately fast growing, attaining a diameter of 20-30 mm in 14 d at 25°C. Colonies white, floccose with cinnamon brown reverse, producing the Paecilomyces anamorph in culture. Conoideocrella luteorostrata is a common species infecting scale insects in Thailand. There are two color morphs producing red and yellow stromata. The anamorph is more common than the teleomorph and can be collected all year round. The sexual state usually develops later in the rainy season until the cold season in November to January. The asci in the perithecia when mature seem to be discharged within a short period all together. The perithecia of herbarium specimens are usually void of asci/ascospores.

Hywel-Jones, N.L. (1993). Torrubiella luteorostrata, a pathogen of scale insects and its association with Paecilomyces cinnamomeus with a note on Torrubiella tenuis. Mycological Research 97: 1126-1130. Johnson, D., Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Bischoff, J.F., Kepler, R.M. & Spatafora, J.W. (2009). Systematics and evolution of the genus Torrubiella (Hypocreales, Ascomycota). Mycological Research 113: 279-289. Sung, G.-H., Hywel-Jones, N.L., Sung, J.-M., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Shrestha, B. & J.W. Spatafora, J.W. (2007). Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Studies in Mycology 57: 5-59. Zimmermann, A. (1901). Einige javanische auf Cocciden parasitierende Ascomyceten. Zentralbl. Bakt. ParasitKde. Zweite Abt. 7: 872.